In which system is the executive branch part of the legislative branch?

In a parliamentary system, the executive branch is intrinsically connected to the legislative branch, as the head of government (often called the Prime Minister) is typically a member of the legislature. This means that the executive is not separate from the law-making body, as is the case in a presidential system where the president is elected independently of the legislature.

In parliamentary systems, the government is formed by the party (or coalition of parties) that has the majority in the legislature. The Prime Minister and the cabinet are drawn from elected members of the parliament, which allows for a more unified approach to governance. This structure supports the idea of accountability, as the government can be dismissed by the legislature through a vote of no confidence, reflecting the close relationship between the two branches.

The other systems mentioned have a different separation of powers, where the executive branch operates independently from the legislative branch, lacking the direct integration seen in parliamentary systems. In a federal system, for instance, there is still a clear distinction between federal and state powers, but it doesn’t necessarily dictate the relationship between the legislative and executive branches at the national level.